Mandar batu
NAMA | NAME
MANDAR BATU
COMMON MOORHEN
(Gallinula chloropus)
TAKSONOMI | TAXONOMY
Kerajaan Animalia
Filum Chordata
Kelas Aves
Ordo Gruiformes
Famili Rallidae
Genus Gallinula
Mandar batu (Gallinula chloropus) adalah spesies burung milik keluarga rel, Rallidae. Tersebar luas di seluruh dunia, termasuk berbagai wilayah di Indonesia. Burung yang memesona ini menunjukkan beberapa karakteristik dan perilaku yang menarik. Mandar batu adalah burung berukuran sedang, berukuran panjang sekitar 30-38 cm, dengan bentang sayap sekitar 50-62 cm. Dia memiliki perisai frontal merah yang berbeda dan paruh merah berujung kuning cerah. Bulu tubuh sebagian besar berwarna abu-abu tua atau hitam, dengan bagian bawah berwarna putih. Mereka memiliki kaki panjang berwarna kuning kehijauan dengan jari kaki panjang yang membantu mereka berjalan di atas tumbuhan yang mengapung.
The common moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) is a species of bird belonging to the rail family, Rallidae. It is widely distributed across the world, including various regions of Indonesia. This fascinating bird exhibits several interesting characteristics and behaviors. The common moorhen is a medium-sized bird, measuring approximately 30-38 cm in length, with a wingspan of about 50-62 cm. It has a distinct red frontal shield and a bright yellow-tipped red beak. The body plumage is mainly dark gray or black, with a white undertail. They have long, greenish-yellow legs with long toes that help them walk on floating vegetation.
DISTRIBUSI DAN HABITAT | DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT
Mandar batu ditemukan di berbagai benua, termasuk Eropa, Afrika, Asia, dan Amerika. Di Indonesia, mereka terdapat di beberapa wilayah dan habitat, antara lain lahan basah, danau, kolam, dan sawah. Burung ini biasa ditemukan di habitat air tawar seperti rawa-rawa dan lahan basah. Mereka adalah perenang yang sangat baik dan terlihat anggun meluncur di permukaan air.
Common moorhens are found across various continents, including Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas. In Indonesia, they are present in several regions and habitats, including wetlands, lakes, and ponds. These birds are commonly found in freshwater habitats such as marshes, swamps, and wetlands. They are excellent swimmers and can be seen gracefully gliding on the water surface.
DIET DAN NUTRISI | DIET AND NUTRITION
Mandar batu adalah omnivora dan memakan berbagai jenis makanan, termasuk tanaman air, biji-bijian, invertebrata kecil, dan terkadang ikan kecil atau katak.
Common moorhens are omnivorous and feed on a variety of food items, including aquatic plants, seeds, small invertebrates, and occasionally small fish or frogs.
SIFAT UTAMA DAN FAKTA UNIK | KEY TRAITS AND FUN FACTS
Selama musim kawin, yang bervariasi secara geografis, mandar batu membangun sarang di vegetasi yang lebat di dekat tepi air. Sarang dibangun menggunakan tanaman air, alang-alang, dan bahan lain yang tersedia. Betina biasanya bertelur 6-12 telur, yang berwarna pucat dengan tanda coklat. Kedua orang tua berpartisipasi dalam mengerami telur dan merawat anak burung. Mandar batu dikenal karena panggilannya yang keras dan khas, yang mencakup berbagai vokalisasi seperti suara berdecak, berkicau, dan meringkik. Panggilan ini berfungsi sebagai sinyal komunikasi antar individu, membantu membangun wilayah dan mengoordinasikan kegiatan kelompok.
During the breeding season, which varies geographically, common moorhens build nests in dense vegetation near the water’s edge. The nests are constructed using aquatic plants, reeds, and other available materials. The female typically lays a clutch of 6-12 eggs, which are pale buff with brown markings. Both parents participate in incubating the eggs and caring for the chicks. Common moorhens are known for their loud and distinctive calls, which include a variety of vocalizations such as clucking, squawking, and whinnying sounds. These calls serve as communication signals between individuals, helping to establish territory and coordinate group activities.
STATUS KONSERVASI | CONSERVATION STATUS
Menurut IUCN Red List, mandar batu terdaftar sebagai spesies “Risiko Rendah.” Dia memiliki distribusi yang luas dan ukuran populasi yang besar. Namun, populasi tertentu di wilayah tertentu mungkin menghadapi ancaman karena hilangnya dan degradasi habitat.
According to the IUCN Red List, the common moorhen is listed as a species of “Least Concern.” It has a wide distribution and a large population size. However, specific populations in certain regions may face threats due to habitat loss and degradation.