Merbah cerukcuk
NAMA | NAME
MERBAH CERUKCUK
YELLOW-VENTED BULBUL
(Pycnonotus goiavier)
TAKSONOMI | TAXONOMY
Kerajaan Animalia
Filum Chordata
Kelas Aves
Ordo Passeriformes
Famili Pycnonotidae
Genus Pycnonotus
Pycnonotus goiavier, umumnya dikenal sebagai merbah cerukcuk, adalah spesies burung penyanyi yang tergolong dalam famili Pycnonotidae. Burung ini tersebar luas di seluruh Asia Tenggara, termasuk Indonesia. Merbah cerukcuk adalah burung yang populer di kalangan pengamat burung karena penampilannya yang khas, panggilan merdu, dan kemampuan beradaptasi dengan lingkungan perkotaan. Merbah cerukcuk adalah burung berukuran sedang, berukuran panjang sekitar 18-20 cm. Penampilannya khas dengan bagian atas berwarna cokelat zaitun, mahkota hitam, dan topeng hitam. Bagian bawahnya berwarna kuning, termasuk bagian kuning mencolok di ventilasi, yang memberi nama pada spesies tersebut. Dia memiliki jambul di kepala, paruh ramping, dan ekor panjang.
Pycnonotus goiavier, commonly known as the yellow-vented bulbul, is a species of songbird belonging to the family Pycnonotidae. It is widely distributed across Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. The yellow-vented bulbul is a popular bird among birdwatchers due to its distinctive appearance, melodious calls, and adaptability to urban environments. The yellow-vented bulbul is a medium-sized bird, measuring around 18-20 cm in length. It has a distinctive appearance with olive-brown upperparts, a black crown, and a black mask. The underparts are yellow, including a conspicuous yellow patch on the vent, which gives the species its name. It has a pointed crest on the head, a slender bill, and a long tail.
DISTRIBUSI DAN HABITAT | DISTRIBUTION AND HABITAT
Merbah cerukcuk memiliki jangkauan distribusi yang luas yang mencakup berbagai negara di Asia Tenggara, seperti Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, Filipina, Singapura, dan Vietnam. Di Indonesia, dapat ditemukan di seluruh nusantara, termasuk pulau Sumatra, Jawa, Bali, Lombok, Sulawesi, dan Kalimantan. Spesies ini sangat mudah beradaptasi dan dapat tumbuh subur di berbagai habitat, mulai dari hutan primer dan sekunder hingga taman, kebun, bahkan perkotaan. Biasanya ditemukan di daerah dataran rendah dan kaki bukit di Indonesia, tetapi juga dapat dilihat di ketinggian yang lebih tinggi, hingga sekitar 1.500 m.
The yellow-vented bulbul has a broad distribution range that includes various countries in Southeast Asia, such as Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Vietnam. In Indonesia, it can be found across the archipelago, including the islands of Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Sulawesi, and Borneo. This species is highly adaptable and can thrive in various habitats, ranging from primary and secondary forests to parks, gardens, and even urban areas. It is commonly found in lowland and foothill regions of Indonesia but can also be seen at higher elevations, up to about 1,500 m.
DIET DAN NUTRISI | DIET AND NUTRITION
Merbah cerukcuk adalah spesies omnivora dengan makanan yang mencakup berbagai buah-buahan, nektar, serangga, dan invertebrata kecil. Burung ini memainkan peran penting dalam penyebaran benih dengan mengonsumsi buah-buahan dan menyebarkan benih melalui kotorannya, berkontribusi pada regenerasi spesies tumbuhan di habitatnya.
The yellow-vented bulbul is an omnivorous species with a diet that includes a variety of fruits, nectar, insects, and small invertebrates. It plays an essential role in seed dispersal by consuming fruits and spreading the seeds through its droppings, contributing to the regeneration of plant species in its habitat.
SIFAT UTAMA DAN FAKTA UNIK | KEY TRAITS AND FUN FACTS
Dikenal karena lagu-lagunya yang merdu, merbah cerukcuk memiliki repertoar vokal yang luas. Seruannya terdiri dari campuran kicau yang kaya, getar, siulan, dan mimikri dari spesies burung lainnya. Lagu-lagu ini dapat didengar sepanjang hari, terutama selama musim kawin ketika pejantan melakukan pertunjukan teritorial. Burung ini membentuk pasangan monogami selama musim kawin. Mereka membangun sarang berbentuk cangkir di pohon atau semak, seringkali menggunakan bahan seperti ranting, rumput, dan daun. Betina biasanya bertelur dua hingga tiga telur, yang dia inkubasi selama sekitar dua minggu. Kedua orang tua berpartisipasi dalam memberi makan anak burung setelah mereka menetas.
Known for its melodious songs, the yellow-vented bulbul has a wide repertoire of vocalizations. Its calls consist of a mix of rich warbles, trills, whistles, and mimicry of other bird species. These songs can be heard throughout the day, especially during the breeding season when males engage in territorial displays. These birds form monogamous pairs during the breeding season. They build cup-shaped nests in trees or shrubs, often using materials such as twigs, grass, and leaves. The female usually lays two to three eggs, which she incubates for about two weeks. Both parents participate in feeding the chicks once they hatch.
STATUS KONSERVASI | CONSERVATION STATUS
Menurut International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, merbah cerukcuk terdaftar sebagai spesies “Risiko Rendah.” Populasinya dianggap stabil, dan memiliki jangkauan distribusi yang luas. Namun, seperti banyak spesies burung, dia menghadapi beberapa ancaman, termasuk hilangnya habitat akibat penggundulan hutan dan urbanisasi. Upaya untuk melestarikan dan melindungi habitat alaminya sangat penting untuk memastikan kelangsungan hidupnya dalam jangka panjang.
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, the yellow-vented bulbul is listed as a species of “Least Concern.” Its population is considered stable, and it has a wide distribution range. However, like many bird species, it faces some threats, including habitat loss due to deforestation and urbanization. Efforts to conserve and protect its natural habitat are crucial to ensure its long-term survival.